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ʻO nā kila likeʻole i kūpono i nā kūlana honua
ʻO ka pahu kila kalapona maʻamau he mea metala maʻamau me ka nui o nā hoʻohana a me nā noi ʻoihana koʻikoʻi. ʻO nā koʻokoʻo kila kalapona maʻamau he mau koʻokoʻo metala i hana ʻia mai nā mea hao me ka nui o ke kalapona ʻoi aku ka nui, maʻamau i loko o nā mea liʻiliʻi o nā mea hoʻohui like ʻole e like me ka manganese, silicon, sulfur a me ka phosphorus. Loaʻa iā ia nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi a me ka hoʻoponopono ʻana a ʻo ia kekahi o nā mea maʻamau i hoʻohana ʻia i nā hale ʻenekinia, nā mīkini hana, ke kūkulu ʻana a me nā ʻoihana ʻē aʻe.
ʻO nā hiʻohiʻona nui o nā pahu kila kalapona maʻamau: ʻO nā waiwai mechanical maikaʻi loa: He ikaika kiʻekiʻe a me ka rigidity nā pahu kila kalapona maʻamau, a kūpono no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana like ʻole a me nā hale mechanical me nā koi koʻikoʻi koʻikoʻi, e like me nā bolts, bearings, gears, etc. ʻO ka maʻalahi o ke kaʻina hana: Hana maikaʻi nā pahu kila kalapona nui i ka hana wela a me ke anu a hiki ke hana ʻia i mau kaola o nā ʻano like ʻole ma o ka forging, kiʻi anu, ka ʻōwili wela, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe e hoʻololi i nā pono ʻenehana like ʻole.
Hana maikaʻi ʻia: Hiki ke hoʻokau ʻia nā koʻokoʻo kalapona maʻamau i nā kaʻina hana kuʻi, e like me ka arc welding, ke kinoea pale kuʻi, ka welding laser, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe, ma hope o ka mālama pono ʻana, e hoʻokō i nā pono o ka pilina a me ka hana.
Kumukūʻai waiwai: Ke hoʻohālikelike ʻia me nā mea hao ʻē aʻe, ʻoi aku ka maikaʻi o nā koʻokoʻo kila kalapona a ʻo ia ka mea i makemake nui ʻia i nā ʻoihana ʻenehana a me nā kahua kūkulu.
ʻO ka mea maʻamau, hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā pahu kila kalapona i ʻelua mau ʻāpana: nā pahu kila wela a me nā pahu kila huki anuanu e like me nā ʻenehana hana like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana.
Hana ʻia nā pahu kila wela ma o ka ʻōwili ʻana i ka wela kiʻekiʻe, me nā ʻili maʻemaʻe a me nā anawaena kūpono, a kūpono hoʻi no ka hana ʻana i nā ʻāpana e koi ana i ka ikaika a me ka paʻakikī; ʻoiai ua hoʻokumu ʻia nā pahu kila i ke anu anu e ke kaha kiʻi anuanu, me ka hoʻopau ʻana o ka ʻili kiʻekiʻe a me ka pololei o ka dimensional, a kūpono ia no nā noi ʻenekinia me nā koi ili kiʻekiʻe.
Ma ke kahua ʻenekinia, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pahu kila kalapona maʻamau e hana i nā ʻāpana mechanical, bearings, gears, bolts and nuts, shaft material, connecting rods, etc.; ma ke kahua kūkulu, hoʻohana pinepine ʻia nā pahu kila kalapona maʻamau no ka hana ʻana i nā hale paʻa i hoʻopaʻa ʻia a hoʻoikaika ʻia i nā hale, ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka puʻu, ke kākoʻo kākoʻo, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe.
Ma ke ʻano he mea metala koʻikoʻi, hiki i nā pahu kila kalapona maʻamau ke hoʻokō i nā pono o nā ʻoihana like ʻole a me nā kahua ʻenekinia ma o ke koho ʻana i nā mea like ʻole, nā kikoʻī like ʻole a me nā ʻano hana hana like ʻole, a ua hāʻawi i nā haʻawina koʻikoʻi i ka hana ʻoihana a me nā kahua kūkulu.